"ail" meaning in Old Irish

See ail in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈalʲ/
Etymology: Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), see also German Fels (“rock”). The declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing. Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*ɸalos}} Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*pels-}} Proto-Indo-European *pels-, {{cog|de|Fels|t=rock}} German Fels (“rock”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|ailech|||||||nominative plural|ailich||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich), {{sga-noun|f|ailech|ailich}} ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-i|al|g=f}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=ail+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=aili+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=ail+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=i-f|dat_du=ailib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=ailib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=ail+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|dat_sg4=|gen_du=alo+H|gen_du2=ala+H|gen_du3=|gen_du4=|gen_du5=|gen_pl=aile+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=alo+H|gen_sg2=ala+H|gen_sg3=|gen_sg4=|gen_sg5=|n=|nom_du=ail+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=aili+H|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=ail|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=ail+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=aili+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=ail|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-decl-k&g|k|ailich|ailech|acc_pl=ailchea|dat_pl=ailchib|g=f}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=ailich+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=ailchea|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=ailich+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=k-f|dat_du=ailchib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=ailchib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=ailich+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=ailech|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=ailech+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=ailech|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=ailich+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=ailich|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=ail|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=ailich+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=ailchea|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=ail|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: ailech [genitive], ailich [nominative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ail [nominative, singular], ail [dual, nominative], aili [nominative, plural], ail [singular, vocative], ail [dual, vocative], aili [plural, vocative], ail [accusative, singular], ail [accusative, dual], aili [accusative, plural], alo [genitive, singular], ala [genitive, singular], alo [dual, genitive], ala [dual, genitive], aile [genitive, plural], ail [dative, singular], ailib [dative, dual], ailib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ail [nominative, singular], ailich [dual, nominative], ailich [nominative, plural], ail [singular, vocative], ailich [dual, vocative], ailchea [plural, vocative], ailich [accusative, singular], ailich [accusative, dual], ailchea [accusative, plural], ailech [genitive, singular], ailech [dual, genitive], ailech [genitive, plural], ailich [dative, singular], ailchib [dative, dual], ailchib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ail [mutation, mutation-radical], pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments [mutation, mutation-radical], ail [lenition, mutation], n-ail [error-unrecognized-form, mutation]
  1. rock Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-ail-sga-noun-NQp3DA7J
  2. foundation Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-ail-sga-noun-K9i3sNg-
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ˈalʲ/ Forms: ·ail [canonical], no-table-tags [table-tags], ·ail [error-unrecognized-form], pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments [error-unrecognized-form], ·ail [lenition], ·n-ail [error-unrecognized-form]
Head templates: {{head|sga|verb form||head=·ail|var=}} ·ail, {{sga-verb form|·ail}} ·ail Inflection templates: {{sga-mutation|pt}}
  1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ailid Tags: conjunct, form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person Form of: ailid
    Sense id: en-ail-sga-verb-G2Q1JrZ7 Categories (other): Pages with 12 entries, Pages with entries, Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 12 entries: 6 4 2 1 3 22 4 2 3 2 2 36 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 3 1 1 2 22 2 1 2 1 1 49 3 3 3 Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 4 10 85
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "ail"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "ail"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸalos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸalos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pels-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Fels",
        "t": "rock"
      },
      "expansion": "German Fels (“rock”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), see also German Fels (“rock”).\nThe declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aili",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aili",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aili",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ala",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ala",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aile",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-k&g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "k-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine k-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchea",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchea",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-ail",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "ailich",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "ailech",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "ailech",
        "3": "ailich"
      },
      "expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "al",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-i"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "ail+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "aili+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "ail+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "i-f",
        "dat_du": "ailib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "ailib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "ail+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "dat_sg4": "",
        "gen_du": "alo+H",
        "gen_du2": "ala+H",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_du4": "",
        "gen_du5": "",
        "gen_pl": "aile+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "alo+H",
        "gen_sg2": "ala+H",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "gen_sg4": "",
        "gen_sg5": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "ail+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "aili+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "ail",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "ail+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "aili+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ail",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "k",
        "2": "ailich",
        "3": "ailech",
        "acc_pl": "ailchea",
        "dat_pl": "ailchib",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-k&g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "ailich+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "ailchea",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "ailich+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "k-f",
        "dat_du": "ailchib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "ailchib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "ailich+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "ailech",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "ailech+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "ailech",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "ailich+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ailich",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "ail",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "ailich+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "ailchea",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ail",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rock"
      ],
      "id": "en-ail-sga-noun-NQp3DA7J",
      "links": [
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "foundation"
      ],
      "id": "en-ail-sga-noun-K9i3sNg-",
      "links": [
        [
          "foundation",
          "foundation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈalʲ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ail"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "·ail",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ail",
      "links": [
        [
          "·ail",
          "ail#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ail",
      "links": [
        [
          "·ail",
          "ail#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·n-ail",
      "links": [
        [
          "·n-ail",
          "n-ail#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "verb form",
        "3": "",
        "head": "·ail",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "·ail",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "·ail"
      },
      "expansion": "·ail",
      "name": "sga-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 4 2 1 3 22 4 2 3 2 2 36 4 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 12 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 3 1 1 2 22 2 1 2 1 1 49 3 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 10 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ailid"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ailid"
      ],
      "id": "en-ail-sga-verb-G2Q1JrZ7",
      "links": [
        [
          "ailid",
          "ailid#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjunct",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈalʲ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ail"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish feminine nouns",
    "Old Irish k-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine or feminine i-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Irish verb forms",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "ail"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "ail"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸalos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸalos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pels-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pels-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Fels",
        "t": "rock"
      },
      "expansion": "German Fels (“rock”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Celtic *ɸalos, from Proto-Indo-European *pels-, *pelis- (“rock, cliff”), see also German Fels (“rock”).\nThe declension was not stable at the start of the Old Irish period, with a shift from an i-stem declension to a k-stem declension ongoing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aili",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aili",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aili",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ala",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "alo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ala",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aile",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-k&g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "k-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Feminine k-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchea",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchea",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailech",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailich",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ailchib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ail",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-ail",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "ailich",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "ailech",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "ailech",
        "3": "ailich"
      },
      "expansion": "ail f (genitive ailech, nominative plural ailich)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "al",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-i"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "ail+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "aili+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "ail+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "i-f",
        "dat_du": "ailib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "ailib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "ail+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "dat_sg4": "",
        "gen_du": "alo+H",
        "gen_du2": "ala+H",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_du4": "",
        "gen_du5": "",
        "gen_pl": "aile+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "alo+H",
        "gen_sg2": "ala+H",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "gen_sg4": "",
        "gen_sg5": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "ail+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "aili+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "ail",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "ail+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "aili+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ail",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "k",
        "2": "ailich",
        "3": "ailech",
        "acc_pl": "ailchea",
        "dat_pl": "ailchib",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-k&g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "ailich+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "ailchea",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "ailich+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "k-f",
        "dat_du": "ailchib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "ailchib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "ailich+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "ailech",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "ailech+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "ailech",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "ailich+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ailich",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "ail",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "ailich+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "ailchea",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ail",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rock"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "foundation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "foundation",
          "foundation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈalʲ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ail"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Irish verb forms",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "·ail",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ail",
      "links": [
        [
          "·ail",
          "ail#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ail",
      "links": [
        [
          "·ail",
          "ail#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·n-ail",
      "links": [
        [
          "·n-ail",
          "n-ail#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "verb form",
        "3": "",
        "head": "·ail",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "·ail",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "·ail"
      },
      "expansion": "·ail",
      "name": "sga-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ailid"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ailid"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ailid",
          "ailid#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjunct",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈalʲ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ail"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ail meaning in Old Irish (9.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "ail"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ail",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ail/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "ail"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ail",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "ail"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ail",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.